As attack surfaces expand and development cycles accelerate, these ten web application vulnerabilities remain the most exploited by threat actors targeting enterprise environments.
Web application security continues to be the front line of enterprise cyber risk. In 2025, attackers are increasingly leveraging AI-assisted tooling to automate vulnerability discovery at scale — making manual, expert-led penetration testing more critical than ever.
1. Server-Side Request Forgery (SSRF)
SSRF has cemented its place as one of the most dangerous modern vulnerabilities, particularly in cloud environments where metadata services expose credentials. Attackers chain SSRF with IDOR and privilege escalation to achieve lateral movement through cloud infrastructure.
2. Broken Object Level Authorization (BOLA/IDOR)
API endpoints that fail to verify object-level permissions remain the leading cause of data breaches in SaaS applications. A single unvalidated ID parameter can expose millions of records.
3. Authentication Bypass via JWT Manipulation
Misconfigured JWT validation — including the classic "alg:none" attack and weak secret keys — continues to affect applications using off-the-shelf authentication libraries without proper hardening.